Pneumatic tool.



PATENTED JULY 5, 1904..

- o. C. Poom. PNEUMAIIG T001..

APPLICATION FILED PB.. 2, 1903.

' '2..sHEBTs-SHBET 1.

NO MODEL.

PATEBTED'JULY 5, 1994. o. o. POOLE.

PNEUMATIC TOOL.

APPLIOATIQN `FILED APR. 2. w03v 2 SHEETS-BHBET 2.

Srarns Patented July 5, 1934.

Par-snr @risica casetas cLaanNon POOLE, OF EvANsTON, ILLINOIS, assis-NOR `To NinLviLLn s. navroN, or WASHINGTON, Disrsicr or oOLUMniA.

PNEUWATEC TOOL.

ll'lda-" forming part of Letters YPatent No. 764,498, dated. July 5, i904. Application filed April 2, 1903.. Serial No. 150,723. (No model.) i

.To .all wlw-mf t may concern;

' it known that I, CHARLEs CLARENCE POOLE, OlEvanston, in the county-of Cook .and State 'of illinois, have invented certain 'new and useful improvements in Pneumatic Toois; and il do hereby declare that the foljlcwingis a full, clear, and exact description A1thereof.7 'reference being had to the accompanyingdrawinga and to the letters of reference marked thereon, which form a part Aof this specic'ation.

` This invention relates to improvements in portable Or Ahand pneumatic tools, and more especiallyl to a tool of portable character embracing a .motorhaving a rotative part operated by an impact of air moving at a great veiOcity, and is adapted to actuate a rotative drilling, cutting, or abrading tool, or other rotative ltool Oi' like character.

' -inatter described, and pointed out in the apva view showing in longitudinal section the nia'in Operative parts of the pneumatic hand tooi or drill, the tool-carrying spindle being shown in side elevation. Fig. 2 is a detail section taken through the rotative and non- 'retative parts of the motor on the line 2 2 of Fig. Fig. 3. is a cross-section taken on the line 3 3 ot' Fig.. 1. Fig. e is a crQss-section. taken the lined a of 'Fig l; and Fig. 5 is a sectional view through the motorl part of the tool, illustrating a device for automatically controlling the supply .of air to the motor.

As shown inthe said drawings, A indicates l a hollow casing, which constitutes the stock or frame of the implement and which is provided with a Handle or handles by which the imple'- rnent may be grasped rand moved, the said casing being herein shown as provided with al singie handle s.

indicates a tool-carrying spindle which 'is inserted at one end within and has rotative engagement with the casing A, said spindle being shown provided atits' ends with a to'oi holder or chuck B, adapted lfor receiving andlioiding a drill or like-tool.

indicate two rotative disks which are The invention consists in the matters hereare provided with concave working faces c c',

which face rearwardly with respect to the di; rection of motion of the disks when the motor isinl operation. Y

Dn'nd-icates an annular air-tube which is mounted non-rotatively in the casing A between the blades or buckets c c on the disks C C and which is attached to or supported upon the' casing A. Said-.annular tube D is provided on its opposite sides with .annularlyarranged air-exit openings or jet-orifices d (Z, said jet-orifices being directed obliquely with respect to the central axis of the tube and toward the concave faces c c of the buckets c c.

Air is supplied to said air-tube by means of4 the supply-pipe E, connected owith one side of,

the same, and the air so supplied in'making its exit from the said tube through the inclined jet-'openings passes from said jet-openings in the form of oblique jets, which strike the concave faces of the buckets near the inner margin of the same and are deected by said buckets laterally, outwardly, and rearwardly', these parts being arranged according to the principle of the well-known De Laval turbine, so that the kinetic energy due to the velocity of the air-jets in the impact of the latter against the curved surfaces of the buckets will operate to give rotative movement to said buckets and tor the disks to are attached.

1n order to enable the oblique jet-openings (Zd to be readily formed lin the air-tubel), said air-tube is made into two'laterally-separated parts or sections D D2, divided on a vplane passing between the two opposite series of Jet-openings, and each half or section is provided with a plurality of oblique Walls d d,

arranged transversely of the tube inA vvhi'chV said jet-openings areseverally r'rmed'and which they which are arranged perpendicular to the ce'nto the side faces of the air-tube.

and by reason of the inclined wall d being at right angles to the central axes of the jetopenings said jet-openings may readily and ,accurately be drilled or bored through the said walls at will and at the same time be of a form and shape most advantageous for the proper delivery of the air therethrough by reason of being perpendicular to the Walls in which they are formed. To afford the best results in practice, the said jet-openings are made larger at their inner than at their outer ends, or are tapered from the inner surface of the tube out\\'ardly,-the making of the openings of this form being greatly facilitated by the making of the air-tube in two laterallyseparated parts, because this construction enables the openings to be bored by a tool entering the wall of the tube at the inner surface thereof. The two halves or sections of the air-tube thus constructed may be connected in any suitable manner, thc means shown for this purpose consistingof in wardly-extending flanges Il on the two sections, through which are inserted clamping-bolts d".

For supporting the annular tube D withinl the casing A said air-tube is shown as eX- tending at its outer edge margin into contact with the cylindric side wall of the casing and as being itted at such outer edge into an annular groove (I, formed in the inner surface of said side wall.

For convenience in assemblingand in separating the parts the casing A is shown as consisting of two separate halves or sections joined by means of bolts (H, the dividing-line between the sections extending through the groove fl, so that the air-tube may bc inserted in said groove and then clamped in place within the groove by the drawing together of the two parts or sections of the casing by the bolts c.

The air-tube constructed as described is provided with a branch or neck D, which passes through an aperture in the side wall of the casing A and to which the air-supply tube E is connected. Said casing A is shown as provided in its end Walls with an annular series of air-exit openings ft2, located opposite the buckets and through which the exhaust-` air from the. buckets may escape from the casing.

By reason of the location of thi` rotative Said oblique membersC C at opposite sides of the air-tube and the arrangement of the jet-openings at opposite sides of said air-tube any endwise pressure against its bearings of the rotative spindle B, to which the rotative members are attached, is prevented.

In Fig. 5 I have shown a construction in which the parts of the motor are like those before described, but in which the device is provided with means for cutting off the airsupply tothe motor whenthe tool is not in use and for automatically admitting the air to the motor as soon as the tool is pressed against the work or object acted upon by said tool. In the form of tool illustrated the cutoff valve'is operated by endwise movement of the tool-carrying spindle, which has yielding connection lwith the tool -casing, frame, or stock. In this instance the rotative members C C of the motor are mounted on a hollow tube or sleeve G, which is mounted and turned at its ends in bearing-apertures in the opposite end walls of the casing A, and a rotative spindle H is used for driving the tool, said spindle passing through the sleeve Gr and being connected therewith by a spline la, on the spindle engaging a groove in the sleeve, so that the spindle may move endwise to the sleeve, but is given rotative movement thereby. At the inner end of the spindle H thc end wall of the casing A is provided with a central hub or extension A2, in which is formed a cylindrical chamber A3, forming an extension of the bearing-aperture for the inner end of the `sleeve G. In said recess A3 is located a sliding plug I, against the inner end of which the spindle H has endwise bearing, said spindle, as illustrated, having a conical end which enters a bearing aperture or recess formed in said plug I. To hold the spindle from outward movement in the sleeve the said spindlc is provided with a detachable collar L, located between the plug I and the inner end of said sleeve (i andl adapted to bear against the inner end of said sleeve. `Within the recess A3 is located a spri'ngJ, which acts on the plug I to throw the same toward the spindle and to hold the collar /li' on the spindle is normally in contact with the inner end of the sleeve (ir. Said plug I is provided withastem I', which projects through the end wall of the recess A3 and enters a transverse opening or recess cf in the hub A2.

Now referring to the parts adjacent to th(` supply-passage of the air-tube D, K indicates the casing of a piston-valve, andL the piston or valve-closure therein. Said valve-casing has a transverse tubular neck, which is connected with the branch D of the air-tube, and at its opposite side is a like neck k', adapted for attachment thereto of a flexible air-supply pipe.

The casing K has a cylindrical bore or chamber at right angles to the necks /fc and on said bore or chamber 1s located the cyhndric IOO TMAQS endwise-sliding pietony L, which has between valve affords communication between the air.

supply pipel and the air-tube D. A coiled spring M, located -between the inner end of said valve L and the casing K, tends to hold l,the said valve, with the groove Z, away from `the air-passages, and to thereby keep the valve closed. 'l The valve piston is provided with a lstem N, which is connected, by a connect' ing-rod (l, with a lever i), which lever is pivoted between its ends to lugs p on the casing A. Fllhe opposite end of said lever extends into the recess a4 and is held in contact with the end of the stem l' by the action of the spring M on the valve-plug.

ln the operation of this device when the tool is pressed against the work the tool-car,` r'ying spindle is lvmoved or yields endwise with the plug I, against which it bears at its .inner end, the spring1 J permitting the said plug I to slide backwardly in the casing. This movement of the plug is transmitted through the stem rT, the lever P, and connecting-rod 0 to the valve L, so as to shift said valv 'into position to admit air to the motor. 'hen the implementis not'in use or when pressure upon the work is released, said spring J throws the plug i and the collar ft forwardly, thus throwing the valve L into its closed position and cutting on' the air-supply tothe motor. The movement ot' the plug l inwardly under the end thrust of the spindle is limitedl by a suitable stop, shown in the drawings as formed by a shoulder c5 formed in the side wall of the recess A3 and which faces toward the said plug.

'It is to'be understood that a device embody' ling the general principles ot' construction and operation present inthe machine illustrated and described, and set forth in the claims, may

' be embodied in various mechanical forms, and

my invention is not limited to the specific features of construction shown land described eX- cept as set forth in the appended claims..

I .claim as my invention-.-

1. A. pneumatic .tool comprising a'stock, a rotative tool-actuating spindle mounted on the stock and a pneumatic motor embracing a rotative disk which is mounted on the stock concentrically with the said spindle Vand having driving connection therewith, said disk being provided with radial buckets having concave working faces and an annular lined air-tube mounted on the stock concentrically with said disk at one ,side of and out of contact with said buckets, said air-tube being provided with van annularly-arranged series of jet-openings arranged obliquelyto the longitudinal axis of the tube and directed toward the concave faces of said buckets.

2. A pneumatic tool comprising a stock provided with a cylindric hollo'fu casing, a toolactuating spindle mounted in the end 'walls of matic motor embracing two rotative disks mounted within they casing concentrically'with the said spindle and having driving connejction with the latter said disks being provided with an annularly-arranged series of radial buckets having `concave working faces, and an annular air-tube axed to the casing con- ,centfrically with said disks between the bucku etsthereon and out of contact with said buckets, said air-tube being provided on its opposite sides with annularly-arranged sets of jetopenings arranged obliquel'y to the central axis of the tube and. directed toward the concave faces ofthe buckets.)

I 3. A.pneumaticmotorcomprisingarotative disk provided with annularly-arranged, radial buckets having concave working faces, and an annular non-rotative air-tube arranged concentrically with the said disk andprovided with a plurality of annularly-arranged jetoriiices which are oblique to the central axis .of the tube and are directed toward the concave faces of the buckets,'said air-tube having a plurality of oblique, transverse 'lat walls through which said jet-openings severally eX- tend.

disk provided-with annularly-arranged, radial buckets having concave working faces Yand an annular, non-rotative air-tube arranged conll. 'A pneumatic motor comprising arotative centrically with the disk and provided with a plurality of annularlyarranged jet-orices which are oblique to the central axis oft the tube and are directed toward the concave faces of the buckets, said air-tube being provided with a plurality of oblique, transverse, walls through which said jet-openings severally extend,and interposed inclined connecting-walls, extending between the inner and outer margins of said oblique walls.

V5. An annular air-tube `for pneumatic motors provid ed in each of its opposite sides with a lseries of oblique jet-openings and with a series of transverse, oblique, fiat walls through which the jet-orices severally extend and which are perpendicular to the central axes of the jet-openings said tube consisting of two separate parts or sections which are divided longitudinallybetween the sets of jetopenings and are permanenti y joined to each other.

. 6. An annular air-tube for pneumatic motors provided in each of its opposite sides with a series of oblique jetmopenings and with a series of transverse, oblique, iiat walls, through which the said jet-openings extend and which are perpendicular .to the central axes of the jet-openings and inclined connectingwalls-extending between and connecting' the inner and outer marginsof said oblique walls, said tube consisting of tw'o separate parts or sections which are divided longitudinally between the series of jet-openings and are permanently joined* to each other.

7. A. pneumatic tool comprising a cylindric IOO casing, a rotative Spindle which extends through and turns in the casing', two rotative disks arranged concentricully with Suid Spindles and provided euch with :in unnularl \'ur ranged set of rudiul buckets having concave working` faces, :in nir-tu be Supported 'on the casing between the Sets of buckets on said disks, Said nir-tube lmving in each of its o1)- posite sides :1 Series of oblique jet-Ol'ienings which :1re directed toward the concave faces ol the buckets, the Side welle` of said air-tube consistii'ig of a plurality of oblique Hat walls through which the jetopenings severall;7 extend und which are perpendicular to the centra] axe@ of said jet-openings and :iSeries of 1 inclined connectii'lgwalls, giving' Sierruted forni to said side walls zuid Suid tube consist- Ving of two seperate parte or sections which are divided longitudinallj,7 between the said serrted side walls.

In testimony that 1 claim the foregoing my invention I aiiix my Signature, in presence of two witnesses, this lst day of April, A. l). 1903.

CHARLES CLARENCE POOLE.

Vv'itnesseg:

C. A. N EALE, B. L. CHADWELL. 

